Umayyaden-Dynastie
Von den Sandwüsten Arabiens bis zu den Palästen von Damaskus schufen die Umayyaden die erste große islamische Dynastie der Welt – ein Reich, das durch Blut, Ehrgeiz und das unermüdliche Streben nach Einheit aufgebaut wurde.
Quick Facts
- Years Active
- 661–750
- Founder
- Muawiya I
- Region
- Middle East
- Religion
- Sunni Islam
Notable Rulers
Muawiya I
Caliph
Reign: 661 – 680
FounderMuawiya I, the founder of the Umayyad dynasty, stands out in early Islamic history as a ruler of remarkable adaptability...
Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan
Caliph
Reign: 685 – 705
Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan emerges from the sources as a figure of formidable will, complexity, and ambition, shaped by the...
Al-Walid I
Caliph
Reign: 705 – 715
Al-Walid I, son of Abd al-Malik, remains one of the most consequential caliphs of the Umayyad dynasty, presiding over a ...
Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik
Caliph
Reign: 724 – 743
Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik stands as one of the most complex figures of the Umayyad caliphate, a ruler whose personal disci...
Marwan II
Caliph
Reign: 744 – 750
Marwan II, the last caliph of the Umayyad dynasty, emerged as a figure of both resolve and desperation in one of the Isl...
Documentary Chapters
Timeline
Muawiya I Proclaimed Caliph
After the assassination of Ali, Muawiya I is proclaimed caliph in Damascus, marking the formal beginning of the Umayyad dynasty and dynastic rule in the Islamic world.
Battle of Karbala
The revolt of Husayn ibn Ali is crushed at Karbala by Yazid I’s forces, deepening sectarian divides and establishing Umayyad authority through hereditary succession.
Completion of the Dome of the Rock
Abd al-Malik commissions the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem, symbolizing the religious and political ambitions of the dynasty.
Arabization of Administration
Abd al-Malik introduces Arabic as the official language of government and standardizes Islamic coinage, unifying the administration across the empire.
Conquest of Hispania
Umayyad forces under Tariq ibn Ziyad invade and begin the conquest of the Iberian Peninsula, extending the caliphate’s reach into Europe.
Construction of the Great Mosque of Damascus
Al-Walid I oversees the completion of the Great Mosque of Damascus, marking the cultural zenith of the dynasty.
Battle of Tours
Umayyad forces are halted by Charles Martel’s Frankish army at Tours in France, signaling the limits of Umayyad expansion in Europe.
Berber Revolt in North Africa
A major uprising by Berber Muslims in North Africa challenges Umayyad authority, weakening control over western provinces.
Assassination of al-Walid II
The murder of Caliph al-Walid II triggers a period of civil war and instability within the Umayyad family.
Battle of the Zab
The Abbasids decisively defeat Umayyad forces at the Battle of the Zab, leading to the collapse of Umayyad rule in the Middle East.
Abd al-Rahman I Flees to Spain
The sole Umayyad survivor, Abd al-Rahman I, escapes the Abbasid purge and establishes the Emirate of Cordoba in al-Andalus.
Founding of the Great Mosque of Cordoba
Abd al-Rahman I begins construction of the Great Mosque of Cordoba, cementing the Umayyad legacy in Spain.
Connected Across The Archives
Explore specific connections to other archives—civilizations, conflicts, companies, and treaties that share history with this dynasty.
Civilization Archive
(4)Abbasid Civilization
The Abbasid Civilization's rise after the Umayyad Dynasty's fall marked a transition to a more inclusive Islamic governance and cultural renaissance.
Achaemenid Persian Empire
The Umayyad Dynasty's governance was heavily influenced by the Achaemenid Persian Empire's administrative efficiency and cultural integration policies.
Fatimid Civilization
The Umayyad Dynasty's decline and the Fatimid Civilization's rise created competing Islamic caliphates, intensifying religious and political rivalries.
Sassanian Empire
The Umayyad Dynasty's conflicts with the Sassanian Empire were pivotal in the Islamic expansion into Persian territories, altering regional power balances.
Conflict Archive
(2)Arab Conquests
The Umayyad Dynasty's leadership in the Arab Conquests expanded Islamic influence, establishing a vast empire from Spain to India.
First Crusade
The Umayyad legacy shaped the political landscape during the First Crusade, influencing Christian-Muslim interactions and territorial conflicts.
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